【編者按】

        這里接續(xù)上期，介紹活力城市設計與LEED標準協(xié)同的部分?？稍谖哪袄^續(xù)閱讀”查看過往發(fā)布的活力城市導則。

        作為LEED評級系統(tǒng)的一部分，美國綠色建筑委員會允許設計團隊為出色或創(chuàng)新的做法提出分數(shù)評定。2009年，紐約市健康與心理衛(wèi)生部、市長管理與預算辦公室以及設計與施工部門共同組成了一個公私合營部門，并聯(lián)合1100位建筑師與建筑承包商，為里弗賽德健康中心一項名為“通過增加身體活動為健康而設計”的項目開發(fā)了一種創(chuàng)新評分體系。該創(chuàng)新體系所鼓勵的那些建筑設計措施，旨在增加日常中有意或無意的身體活動。該體系也建立了一套方法用以衡量這些設計的特點并量化其對健康益處，并以之作為未來項目的一項先例。

        該創(chuàng)新評分體系建立在LEED中有關健康問題的現(xiàn)有要素基礎上。鑒于當前肥胖及相關慢性疾病帶來的健康問題具有緊迫性和全球性的特點，讓LEED評分體系在促進人們身體活動、獲取健康食物方面得到發(fā)展并廣泛應用，是至關重要的。目前的LEED ND評分體系主要關注戶外活動，而新的身體活動創(chuàng)新評分體系，則鼓勵建筑物內的常規(guī)性鍛煉與活力生活。在惡劣天氣期間，室內鍛煉的機會至關重要，尤其對年輕人與老年人而言。

        創(chuàng)新評分體系建議的設計策略不僅能增加身體活動頻率，也可能帶來其他方面的益處，包括：

        1）減少與自動扶梯和電梯使用相關的能源消耗；

        2）降低與機械化垂直運輸系統(tǒng)相關的建設、維護以及修繕的成本；

        3）提高建筑內居民的安全性，例如，通過增加疏散樓梯的可視性、可用性與方便性來實現(xiàn)這一點；

        4）長期節(jié)省醫(yī)療成本并提高生產率，為雇主與更廣泛的社區(qū)帶來收益。

        LEED身體活動創(chuàng)新評分

        下表詳細列出了LEED中一項名為“通過增加身體活動促進健康的設計”的創(chuàng)新評分表。該評分體系由紐約市提出，并由USBGC機構在2009年批準通過，其建議的策略建立于現(xiàn)有實證與研究的基礎之上。

        

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        5. G uide to Community Preventive Services. Environmental and policy approaches to physical activity: point-of-decision prompts to encourage use of stairs.www.thecommunityguide.org/pa/environmental-policy/podp.html.Accessed December 3, 2009.

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        12. Nicoll G and Zimring C. Effect of innovative building design on physical activity. Journal of Public Health Policy.2009;30: p. S111–S123. Also see: http://www.activelivingresearch.org/files/Concurrent_Innovations_Nicoll.pdf

        13. Guide to Community Preventive Services.Environmental and policy approaches to increase physical activity: creation of or enhanced access to places for physical activity combined with informational outreach activities.www.thecommunityguide.org/pa/environmental-policy/improvingaccess.html. Accessed December 3, 2009.

        14. Golaszewski T, Fisher B. Heart check:the development and evolution of an organizational heart health assessment.American Journal of Health Promotion.2002;17(2): p. 132–153.

        15. Guide to Community Preventive Services.Worksite health promotion. www.thecommunityguide.org/worksite/index.html. Accessed December 3, 2009.