【編者按】

        這里接續(xù)上期，介紹活力城市設(shè)計(jì)與LEED標(biāo)準(zhǔn)協(xié)同的部分?？稍谖哪袄^續(xù)閱讀”查看過(guò)往發(fā)布的活力城市導(dǎo)則。

        作為L(zhǎng)EED評(píng)級(jí)系統(tǒng)的一部分，美國(guó)綠色建筑委員會(huì)允許設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)為出色或創(chuàng)新的做法提出分?jǐn)?shù)評(píng)定。2009年，紐約市健康與心理衛(wèi)生部、市長(zhǎng)管理與預(yù)算辦公室以及設(shè)計(jì)與施工部門(mén)共同組成了一個(gè)公私合營(yíng)部門(mén)，并聯(lián)合1100位建筑師與建筑承包商，為里弗賽德健康中心一項(xiàng)名為“通過(guò)增加身體活動(dòng)為健康而設(shè)計(jì)”的項(xiàng)目開(kāi)發(fā)了一種創(chuàng)新評(píng)分體系。該創(chuàng)新體系所鼓勵(lì)的那些建筑設(shè)計(jì)措施，旨在增加日常中有意或無(wú)意的身體活動(dòng)。該體系也建立了一套方法用以衡量這些設(shè)計(jì)的特點(diǎn)并量化其對(duì)健康益處，并以之作為未來(lái)項(xiàng)目的一項(xiàng)先例。

        該創(chuàng)新評(píng)分體系建立在LEED中有關(guān)健康問(wèn)題的現(xiàn)有要素基礎(chǔ)上。鑒于當(dāng)前肥胖及相關(guān)慢性疾病帶來(lái)的健康問(wèn)題具有緊迫性和全球性的特點(diǎn)，讓LEED評(píng)分體系在促進(jìn)人們身體活動(dòng)、獲取健康食物方面得到發(fā)展并廣泛應(yīng)用，是至關(guān)重要的。目前的LEED ND評(píng)分體系主要關(guān)注戶(hù)外活動(dòng)，而新的身體活動(dòng)創(chuàng)新評(píng)分體系，則鼓勵(lì)建筑物內(nèi)的常規(guī)性鍛煉與活力生活。在惡劣天氣期間，室內(nèi)鍛煉的機(jī)會(huì)至關(guān)重要，尤其對(duì)年輕人與老年人而言。

        創(chuàng)新評(píng)分體系建議的設(shè)計(jì)策略不僅能增加身體活動(dòng)頻率，也可能帶來(lái)其他方面的益處，包括：

        1）減少與自動(dòng)扶梯和電梯使用相關(guān)的能源消耗；

        2）降低與機(jī)械化垂直運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)相關(guān)的建設(shè)、維護(hù)以及修繕的成本；

        3）提高建筑內(nèi)居民的安全性，例如，通過(guò)增加疏散樓梯的可視性、可用性與方便性來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)這一點(diǎn)；

        4）長(zhǎng)期節(jié)省醫(yī)療成本并提高生產(chǎn)率，為雇主與更廣泛的社區(qū)帶來(lái)收益。

        LEED身體活動(dòng)創(chuàng)新評(píng)分

        下表詳細(xì)列出了LEED中一項(xiàng)名為“通過(guò)增加身體活動(dòng)促進(jìn)健康的設(shè)計(jì)”的創(chuàng)新評(píng)分表。該評(píng)分體系由紐約市提出，并由USBGC機(jī)構(gòu)在2009年批準(zhǔn)通過(guò)，其建議的策略建立于現(xiàn)有實(shí)證與研究的基礎(chǔ)之上。

        

        參考文獻(xiàn)：

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        9. AS HRAE Standard 55, Thermal Comfort.

        10. National Fire Protection Association.Building construction—life safety technical committee on means of egress.October 5, 2007.

        11. V an Houten R, Nau PA, Merrigan M.Reducing elevator energy use:a comparison of posted feedback andreduced elevator convenience. Journalof Applied Behavior Analysis. 1981;14(4):p. 377–387.

        12. Nicoll G and Zimring C. Effect of innovative building design on physical activity. Journal of Public Health Policy.2009;30: p. S111–S123. Also see: http://www.activelivingresearch.org/files/Concurrent_Innovations_Nicoll.pdf

        13. Guide to Community Preventive Services.Environmental and policy approaches to increase physical activity: creation of or enhanced access to places for physical activity combined with informational outreach activities.www.thecommunityguide.org/pa/environmental-policy/improvingaccess.html. Accessed December 3, 2009.

        14. Golaszewski T, Fisher B. Heart check:the development and evolution of an organizational heart health assessment.American Journal of Health Promotion.2002;17(2): p. 132–153.

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